# Division of Responsibility: A Parent's Guide to Feeding

Estimated time to read 11 minutes

We never have mealtime battles. Said by no parent EVER! Whether your kid has picky eating tendencies or is just testing their independence and limits, we know mealtime battles can be a huge challenge for any parent.

But dang it, bribing, pleading, pushing, and threatening the child can make mealtimes even more stressful and can even promote unhealthy eating habits in the long term.

So what the heck are we to do? As it turns out, research has shown that there’s another way to approach mealtimes. It's called the Division of Responsibility feeding method. Pioneered by registered dietitian Ellyn Satter, it just might be the answer to your mealtime battles. It is a very simple concept that can be challenging to implement, but once you get the hang of it is so liberating! Read on for what it means, why it could be beneficial for both you and your little one, and how to implement this practice into your lives.

## **What is the Division of Responsibility?**

Ellyn Satter's division of responsibility outlines what is the parent’s job, and what is the kid's job. She emphasizes that it is the parents' responsibility to provide healthy meals and snacks at regular times, and it is the child’s responsibility to decide what and how much they will eat. In short, the mantra is "I provide, you decide" or "Parents provide, kids decide".

The division of responsibility feeding method creates an atmosphere that respects the child's autonomy, development, and appetite. It encourages parents not to push food on children or use food as a reward or punishment. Instead, parents are encouraged to use non-food strategies to encourage appropriate behavior and to let their children learn to self-regulate their appetites to ensure healthy eating habits.

## **When Do You Need to Try the Division of Responsibility Feeding Approach?**

When might the division of responsibility feeding approach work for you? Here are some scenarios:

1. **Picky eaters:** If a child is a picky eater, the division of responsibility feeding method may be useful in encouraging them to try new foods and expand their palate.
2. **Mealtime battles:** If mealtimes have become stressful and contentious due to power struggles between parents and children over what and how much to eat, the division of responsibility feeding method can help reduce tension.
3. **Overeating:** If a child tends to overeat or consume unhealthy foods in large quantities, the division of responsibility feeding method can teach them to listen to their body's hunger and fullness cues.
4. **Food-related anxiety:** If a child has anxiety around food or eating, this method can help reduce stress and promote a more positive relationship with food.
5. **General desire for healthy eating habits:** Parents may choose to try the division of responsibility method simply because they want to encourage healthy eating habits in their children and establish a positive relationship with food from an early age.
6. **Stress:** If you or your partner feel regular stress or fear around your child’s eating, and seem to want to control or micromanage their food intake.

## **Benefits of the Division of Responsibility Method**

The division of responsibility method has a number of potential benefits:

### **Minimizes mealtime struggles and tension**
When both parents and children are actively trying to determine what to eat at a meal, battles ensue. But when a parent first selects what they will offer and then a child is free to decide what and how much food to eat, the mealtime negotiation can eventually disappear.

### **Helps children eat a healthy diet**
Because you, as the parent, provide options, you can decide what to serve, including only healthy options. If foods of low nutrient value aren't available, a child cannot eat them.

### **Fosters children's awareness of their appetite and fullness levels**
When a child is given the autonomy to choose what and how much they want to eat, they can better listen to their natural hunger and fullness cues.

### **Helps children understand how to manage snacks and treats**
If a child is no longer able to snack on demand and instead knows that they will wait until their next meal or snack to eat, they will eventually stop the constant requests for snacks.

### **Reduces Worry**
Can help parents let go of fear and worries around their child’s eating so they can focus on other things.

## **Practicing Division of Responsibility: A Step-by-step**

### **Parents’ jobs**

- **Parents choose the what, when, and where to eat**
It is the parent's job to decide what shows up on a child's plate, when they are offered their own food, and where the child is allowed to eat.

- **Parents maintain regular eating times**
It is up to the parents to establish regular meal and snack times. Consistency is key here.

- **Parents demonstrate how to act during mealtime**
Kids learn by observing, and that is true at mealtime too. Encourage the whole family to model the behavior that you want your kids to learn at the dinner table.

- **Parents notice their children's preferences**
Observe what your child eats so that you can learn their preferences for flavors, textures, and how food is cut.

- **Parents avoid using food as reward or punishment**
Data shows that teaching a child to eat for any other reason than because they are hungry can lead to unhealthy eating habits.

- **Parents heal their own food issues**
Many of us have emotional, physical, and psychological baggage around food. It is our job to notice and work to heal these issues.

### **Children’s jobs**

- **Children choose what to eat, how much, and in what order**
The child decides which foods to eat and how much food they want to eat.

- **Children can decide when they are satisfied and stop eating**
Allowing kids to decide when they are finished helps them develop a healthy relationship with food.

- **Children learn how to wait between meals**
Rather than an all-day buffet of snacks, children learn that meals and snacks come at periodic intervals.

## **Division of Responsibility Method: 6 Tips for Transforming Mealtime Into a Healthy, Positive Experience**

### **1. Follow a regular schedule**
Children thrive on routines, and that goes for meals too.

### **2. Provide a variety of food**
Encourage children to try new foods, but do not force them.

### **3. Place something on the table that your children love**
Balance out their plate with one of their favorite foods, or "hero foods."

### **4. Resist the temptation to press**
It is ok to let them know when there is only a few minutes left for mealtime but resist the urge to add on pressure.

### **5. Set the stage for an enjoyable eating experience**
Help make eating times pleasant for everyone by creating a positive environment.

### **6. Be patient!**
Change doesn't happen overnight. Trust that your child will return to eating those foods as they accept their responsibilities around food.

## **FAQ**

### **1. What if my children don’t like the food I make?**
The reality is that most children won't like all the food you make. That's why it is important to offer a wide variety of foods and to keep offering them.

### **2. What if my children only liked one of the dishes I made?**
Let them decide; don't force or react. If they’re hungry later, remind them they didn’t eat much.

### **3. What if my children say they are hungry between meals?**
Let them feel hungry if they didn’t eat much at the prior meal and hold steady on the time of the next meal or snack.

### **4. What if my children persist in consuming only one type of food?**
Continue to offer small portions of different foods to encourage variety.

### **5. What if I think my child isn’t eating enough?**
Children's natural hunger cues can fluctuate, indicating they are listening to their body.

### **6. What if I think my child has disordered eating?**
If you suspect disordered eating, consult a registered dietitian or therapist.

### **7. What about dessert?**
Regular dessert after every meal is not recommended, especially as a reward.

### **8. What if my child will only eat “junk food”?**
Provide a variety of foods, including some “junk food.”

### **9. What if they ask for more of a certain food on their plate?**
You can determine how much to offer and avoid negotiations with your child.